Firm profile

William Blair Investment Management, LLC

CHICAGO, ILCRD 173961Registration Status: ApprovedEffective since December 4, 2014SEC # 801-80640Latest ADV April 9, 2026

William Blair Investment Management, LLC is an SEC registered investment adviser organized as a limited liability company with a primary office location in Chicago, IL. Its latest Form ADV filing, dated April 9, 2026, reports $65.6B in regulatory assets under management, 388 employees, 4 offices, and 682 accounts.

Assets Under Management
$65.6B
Employees
388
Offices
4 offices
Total Clients
682

Associated firm names

1 name listed
  • WILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC

Leadership

4 roles identified
CEOBrent W. Gledhill
CCOTelmo R. Martins
CFOMichael W. Trimberger

Advisory services offered

4 types reported
Portfolio management for businesses
Portfolio management for individuals and small businesses
Portfolio management for investment companies

Fee models offered

2 types reported
Asset based fees
Performance-based fees

Offices & Contact

Primary office

CHICAGO, Illinois, United States

Loading map…

Primary office regionOther reported regions

Shading shows states and countries with reported offices. Cities are listed below; shading does not indicate service coverage.

Illinois

CHICAGOPrimary office

Maryland

BALTIMORE

Massachusetts

BOSTON

New York

NEW YORK

4 office records listed · 4 total offices reported. Counts can use different reporting dates. SEC filers may list only their largest 25 additional offices.

Contact and digital presence

ADV profile links

Regulatory Assets Under Management Breakdown

Total regulatory assets under management$65.6Bas of April 9, 2026
Discretionary100.0%
$65.6B
100% of total RAUM100.0%
Non-discretionary0.0%
$0
0% of total RAUM0.0%
All regulatory assets under management are discretionary.

Client Coverage Demographics

Top client segmentWRAP CLIENTS represent 56.6% of total clients.
Top client categories% of clientsClients
1
WRAP CLIENTS
56.6%
386
2
Pension Plans
10.7%
73
3
Charitable
10.0%
68
4
Government
7.9%
54
5
Pooled Investment Vehicles
7.5%
51
Categories with <5 clients
Banking or thrift institutions<5 clients
Individuals (other than high net worth individuals)<5 clients

Assets under management Growth by Quarter

Quarterly points use the latest ADV filing or SEC roster snapshot available in each quarter.

Total AUM$65.6B
Total Accounts682
10Y AUM Change+$8.6B (+15.0%)

Private Funds

Private funds reported by William Blair Investment Management, LLC

Loading private fund disclosures…

Employee Growth by Quarter

Quarterly points use the latest ADV filing or SEC roster snapshot available in each quarter.

Total Employees388
Clients per Employee2:1
10Y Employee Change+36 (+10.2%)

Historical AUM and employee figures reflect available SEC Form ADV filings under this CRD. Filing gaps may reflect registration status changes, dormant periods, state registration periods, firm restructuring, or other reporting changes. Rialytix does not interpolate missing periods.


Ownership

Reported direct and indirect ownership ranges

Each range applies to a separate reported relationship and should not be added together.

Reported ownership ranges

Highlighted bands show the percentage range reported in Form ADV.

0%25%50%75%100%
WBC HOLDINGS, L.P.Direct owner · Schedule AInterest in WILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC
75%+
BRENT WALKER GLEDHILLDirect owner · Schedule AInterest in WILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC
< 5%
RYAN JACOB DEVOREDirect owner · Schedule AInterest in WILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC
< 5%
CISSIE CITARDIDirect owner · Schedule AInterest in WILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC
< 5%
MATTHEW MONTGOMERY ZIMMERDirect owner · Schedule AInterest in WILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC
< 5%
BETH A SATTERFIELDDirect owner · Schedule AInterest in WILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC
< 5%
MICHAEL WILLIAM TRIMBERGERDirect owner · Schedule AInterest in WILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC
< 5%
SCOTT THOMAS MCLAUGHLINDirect owner · Schedule AInterest in WILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC
< 5%
STEVEN ROBERT TOLEDirect owner · Schedule AInterest in WILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC
< 5%
ROBERT DANIEL KENDALLDirect owner · Schedule AInterest in WILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC
< 5%

Bars represent the reported range at that individual ownership step, not an estimated percentage of the advisory firm. Indirect relationships may refer to intermediate entities rather than directly to William Blair Investment Management, LLC.

Reported ownership and control details

Form ADV · Filing date 2026-04-09 · Schedules A and B

13 entries
#Owner / person & roleInterest in entityReported interestControl personTitle / status acquiredSource
1WBC HOLDINGS, L.P.HOLDING COMPANYDomestic entityWILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC75% or moreCode EYesHOLDING COMPANY10/2014Schedule APDF page 73
2BRENT WALKER GLEDHILLPRESIDENT, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERIndividualWILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLCLess than 5%Code NAYesPRESIDENT, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBER10/2014Schedule APDF page 73
3RYAN JACOB DEVOREEXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERIndividualWILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLCLess than 5%Code NAYesEXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBER11/2017Schedule APDF page 73
4LISA DAWN ANDERSONDIRECTOR OF OPERATIONSIndividualWILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLCLess than 5%Code NAYesDIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS12/2017Schedule APDF page 73
5CISSIE CITARDIGENERAL COUNSEL, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERIndividualWILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLCLess than 5%Code NAYesGENERAL COUNSEL, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBER01/2021Schedule APDF page 73
6MATTHEW MONTGOMERY ZIMMEREXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERIndividualWILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLCLess than 5%Code NAYesEXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBER02/2022Schedule APDF page 73
7BETH A SATTERFIELDCHIEF OPERATING OFFICER, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERIndividualWILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLCLess than 5%Code NAYesCHIEF OPERATING OFFICER, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBER01/2023Schedule APDF page 73
8MICHAEL WILLIAM TRIMBERGERCHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERIndividualWILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLCLess than 5%Code NAYesCHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBER07/2023Schedule APDF page 73
9SCOTT THOMAS MCLAUGHLINEXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERIndividualWILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLCLess than 5%Code NAYesEXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBER01/2024Schedule APDF page 73
10STEVEN ROBERT TOLEEXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERIndividualWILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLCLess than 5%Code NAYesEXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBER01/2025Schedule APDF page 73
11ROBERT DANIEL KENDALLGLOBAL HEAD OF INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERIndividualWILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLCLess than 5%Code NAYesGLOBAL HEAD OF INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBER07/2025Schedule APDF page 73
12TELMO R MARTINSCHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICERIndividualWILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLCLess than 5%Code NAYesCHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER01/2026Schedule APDF page 73
13WBC GP L.L.C.GENERAL PARTNERDomestic entityWBC HOLDINGS, L.P.Percentage not specifiedCode FYesGENERAL PARTNER10/2014Schedule BPDF page 74

Less than 5% may include zero. Code F identifies a role without specifying a percentage. Reported interests may overlap and may not include every owner. Total indirect ownership is not calculated.

Compliance & Disclosures

Filing dated 4/9/2026 11:23:33 AM

Responses were selected by the RIA in its filing. Questions are shortened for readability; “you” refers to the reporting firm, and some questions also cover advisory affiliates.

RIA or supervised-person involvementThe RIA reported that one or more events below involve the firm or its supervised persons.RIA responseYes
AFelonies2 No

In the past ten years, have you or any advisory affiliate:

  • A1Been convicted of or pleaded guilty or no contest to a felony?No
  • A2Been charged with a felony?No
BMisdemeanors2 No

In the past ten years, have you or any advisory affiliate:

  • B1Been convicted of or pleaded guilty or no contest to a misdemeanor involving investments, an investment-related business, fraud, false statements or omissions, wrongful taking of property, bribery, perjury, forgery, counterfeiting, or extortion?No
  • B2Been charged with a misdemeanor of the kind listed above?No
CSEC or CFTC actions3 Yes2 No

Has the SEC or CFTC ever:

  • C1Found you or an advisory affiliate made a false statement or omission?No
  • C2Found you or an advisory affiliate violated SEC or CFTC regulations or statutes?Yes
  • C3Found you or an advisory affiliate caused an investment-related business to have its authorization to do business denied, suspended, revoked, or restricted?No
  • C4Entered an order against you or an advisory affiliate in connection with investment-related activity?Yes
  • C5Imposed a civil money penalty on you or an advisory affiliate, or ordered you or an advisory affiliate to cease and desist from any activity?Yes
DOther regulatory actions5 No

Has any other federal regulatory agency, state regulatory agency, or foreign financial regulatory authority ever:

  • D1Found you or an advisory affiliate made a false statement or omission, or was dishonest, unfair, or unethical?No
  • D2Found you or an advisory affiliate violated investment-related regulations or statutes?No
  • D3Found you or an advisory affiliate caused an investment-related business to have its authorization to do business denied, suspended, revoked, or restricted?No
  • D4In the past ten years, entered an order against you or an advisory affiliate in connection with investment-related activity?No
  • D5Denied, suspended, or revoked your or an advisory affiliate’s registration or license, or otherwise prevented association with an investment-related business or restricted activities?No
ESelf-regulatory organization actions4 No

Has a self-regulatory organization or commodities exchange ever:

  • E1Found you or an advisory affiliate made a false statement or omission?No
  • E2Found you or an advisory affiliate violated its rules, other than a violation designated as a minor rule violation under an SEC-approved plan?No
  • E3Found you or an advisory affiliate caused an investment-related business to have its authorization to do business denied, suspended, revoked, or restricted?No
  • E4Disciplined you or an advisory affiliate by expulsion, suspension, barring association with other members, or otherwise restricting activities?No
FProfessional authorizations1 No
  • FHas an authorization to act as an attorney, accountant, or federal contractor granted to you or an advisory affiliate ever been revoked or suspended?No
GPending regulatory proceedings1 No
  • GAre you or any advisory affiliate now the subject of a regulatory proceeding that could result in a “Yes” answer to any part of C, D, or E?No
HCivil judicial actions and proceedings4 No

(1) Court actions

Has a domestic or foreign court:

  • H(1)(a)In the past ten years, enjoined you or an advisory affiliate in connection with investment-related activity?No
  • H(1)(b)Found that you or an advisory affiliate violated investment-related statutes or regulations?No
  • H(1)(c)Dismissed, pursuant to a settlement agreement, an investment-related civil action brought against you or an advisory affiliate by a state or foreign financial regulatory authority?No

(2) Pending civil proceedings

  • H(2)Are you or any advisory affiliate now the subject of a civil proceeding that could result in a “Yes” answer to any part of H(1)?No
Additional DRP filings 1 source block

Verbatim excerpts from supporting DRP filings, which may concern the firm or advisory affiliates. Amounts retain their filed labels; no total or attribution is inferred.

regulatory · block 1PDF pages 74–76
Monetary/Fine Amount — filed text
$ 10,000,000.00
How was matter resolved — filed text
Order

Action status / disposition — filed text

ON SEPTEMBER 29, 2023, WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY AND WILLIAM BLAIR ENTERED INTO A SETTLEMENT WITH THE U.S. SECURITIES & EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC) IN CONNECTION WITH THE AGENCY'S INDUSTRY-WIDE INVESTIGATION INTO THE PRESERVATION OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS PURSUANT TO APPLICABLE RECORDKEEPING PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL SECURITIES LAW. THE SETTLEMENT REQUIRES WILLIAM BLAIR AND WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY TO PAY A CIVIL MONETARY PENALTY OF $10,000,000 AND RETAIN A COMPLIANCE CONSULTANT, FOLLOWING THE FORMAT FOR ALL OTHER RECENT ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SETTLEMENTS. WILLIAM BLAIR AND WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY COOPERATED WITH THE GOVERNMENT'S INQUIRY AND HAVE ALREADY TAKEN SIGNIFICANT STEPS TO FURTHER STRENGTHEN THE FIRM'S COMPLIANCE ENVIRONMENT AS IT RELATES TO ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS.
Other filed details

Description of allegations — filed text

FROM AT LEAST JANUARY 1, 2019 THROUGH THE PRESENT, WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY, L.L.C.'S ("WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY") EMPLOYEES SENT AND RECEIVED OFF-CHANNEL COMMUNICATIONS THAT RELATED TO THE BUSINESS OF THE BROKER-DEALER AND REGISTERED INVESTMENT ADVISER, AND WILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC'S ("WILLIAM BLAIR") EMPLOYEES SENT AND RECEIVED OFF-CHANNEL COMMUNICATIONS THAT RELATED TO THE BUSINESS OF THE REGISTERED INVESTMENT ADVISER INCLUDING, WITH RESPECT TO THE INVESTMENT ADVISORY BUSINESS, OFF-CHANNEL COMMUNICATIONS RELATED TO RECOMMENDATIONS MADE OR PROPOSED TO BE MADE AND ADVICE GIVEN OR PROPOSED TO BE GIVEN. RESPONDENTS DID NOT MAINTAIN OR PRESERVE THE SUBSTANTIAL MAJORITY OF THESE WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS. RESPONDENTS' FAILURES INCLUDED SENIOR PERSONNEL AT BOTH WILLIAM BLAIR AND WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY. AS A RESULT, WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY VIOLATED SECTION 17(A) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT AND RULE 17A4(B)(4) AND WILLIAM BLAIR AND WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY VIOLATED SECTION 204 OF THE ADVISERS ACT AND RULE 204- 2(A)(7) THEREUNDER.

Sanction detail — filed text

$10000000
Full extracted filing text

Includes form instructions and options. Options shown in this text do not identify which boxes were selected.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
This Disclosure Reporting Page (DRP ADV) is an 
INITIAL OR
AMENDED response used to report details for affirmative responses to Items 11.C., 11.D., 11.E.,
11.F. or 11.G. of Form ADV.
Regulatory Action
Check item(s) being responded to:
11.C(1)
11.C(2)
11.C(3)
11.C(4)
11.C(5)
11.D(1)
11.D(2)
11.D(3)
11.D(4)
11.D(5)
11.E(1)
11.E(2)
11.E(3)
11.E(4)
11.F.
11.G.

Use a separate DRP for each event or proceeding . The same event or proceeding may be reported for more than one person or entity using one DRP. File with a
completed Execution Page. 
One event may result in more than one affirmative answer to Items 11.C., 11.D., 11.E., 11.F. or 11.G. Use only one DRP to report details related to the same
event. If an event gives rise to actions by more than one regulator, provide details for each action on a separate DRP.
PART I
A.  The person(s) or entity(ies) for whom this DRP is being filed is (are):
You (the advisory firm)
You and one or more of your advisory affiliates
One or more of your advisory affiliates
If this DRP is being filed for an advisory affiliate, give the full name of the advisory affiliate below (for individuals, Last name, First name, Middle name). 
If the advisory affiliate has a CRD number, provide that number. If not, indicate "non-registered" by checking the appropriate box.
ADV DRP - ADVISORY AFFILIATE
CRD
Number:
1252
This advisory affiliate is 
a Firm
an Individual
Registered:
Yes
No
Name:
WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY
L.L.C.
(For individuals, Last, First,
Middle)
CRD
Number:
173961
This advisory affiliate is 
a Firm
an Individual
Registered:
Yes
No
Name:
WILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT
MANAGEMENT, LLC
(For individuals, Last, First,
Middle)
This DRP should be removed from the ADV record because the advisory affiliate(s) is no longer associated with the adviser.
This DRP should be removed from the ADV record because: (1) the event or proceeding occurred more than ten years ago or (2) the adviser is registered
or applying for registration with the SEC or reporting as an exempt reporting adviser with the SEC and the event was resolved in the adviser's or advisory
affiliate's favor.
If you are registered or registering with a state securities authority , you may remove a DRP for an event you reported only in response to Item 11.D(4), and
only if that event occurred more than ten years ago. If you are registered or registering with the SEC, you may remove a DRP for any event listed in Item 11
that occurred more than ten years ago.
This DRP should be removed from the ADV record because it was filed in error, such as due to a clerical or data-entry mistake. Explain the circumstances: 
B.
If the advisory affiliate is registered through the IARD system or CRD system, has the advisory affiliate submitted a DRP (with Form ADV, BD or U-4) to the IARD
or CRD for the event? If the answer is "Yes," no other information on this DRP must be provided.
 Yes
 No
NOTE: The completion of this form does not relieve the advisory affiliate of its obligation to update its IARD or CRD records.
PART II
1.  Regulatory Action initiated by:
SEC   
Other Federal   
State   
SRO
Foreign
(Full name of regulator, foreign financial regulatory authority, federal, state, or SRO) 
2.
Principal Sanction:
Cease and Desist
Other Sanctions: 
CIVIL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTY/FINE CENSURE UNDERTAKING
3.
Date Initiated (MM/DD/YYYY): 
09/29/2023
 Exact
 Explanation
If not exact, provide explanation:
4.
Docket/Case Number:

3-21764
5.
Advisory Affiliate Employing Firm when activity occurred which led to the regulatory action (if applicable):
6.
Principal Product Type:
Other Product Types: 
7.
Describe the allegations related to this regulatory action (your response must fit within the space provided):
FROM AT LEAST JANUARY 1, 2019 THROUGH THE PRESENT, WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY, L.L.C.'S ("WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY") EMPLOYEES SENT AND
RECEIVED OFF-CHANNEL COMMUNICATIONS THAT RELATED TO THE BUSINESS OF THE BROKER-DEALER AND REGISTERED INVESTMENT ADVISER, AND WILLIAM
BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC'S ("WILLIAM BLAIR") EMPLOYEES SENT AND RECEIVED OFF-CHANNEL COMMUNICATIONS THAT RELATED TO THE
BUSINESS OF THE REGISTERED INVESTMENT ADVISER INCLUDING, WITH RESPECT TO THE INVESTMENT ADVISORY BUSINESS, OFF-CHANNEL
COMMUNICATIONS RELATED TO RECOMMENDATIONS MADE OR PROPOSED TO BE MADE AND ADVICE GIVEN OR PROPOSED TO BE GIVEN. RESPONDENTS DID
NOT MAINTAIN OR PRESERVE THE SUBSTANTIAL MAJORITY OF THESE WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS. RESPONDENTS' FAILURES INCLUDED SENIOR PERSONNEL
AT BOTH WILLIAM BLAIR AND WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY. AS A RESULT, WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY VIOLATED SECTION 17(A) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT AND
RULE 17A4(B)(4) AND WILLIAM BLAIR AND WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY VIOLATED SECTION 204 OF THE ADVISERS ACT AND RULE 204- 2(A)(7) THEREUNDER.
8.
Current Status?      
 Pending
 On Appeal
 Final
9.
If on appeal, regulatory action appealed to (SEC, SRO, Federal or State Court) and Date Appeal Filed:
If Final or On Appeal, complete all items below. For Pending Actions, complete Item 13 only.
10. How was matter resolved:
Order
11. Resolution Date (MM/DD/YYYY):
09/29/2023
 Exact
 Explanation
If not exact, provide explanation:
12. Resolution Detail:
A.  Were any of the following Sanctions Ordered (check all appropriate items)?
 Monetary/Fine Amount: $ 10,000,000.00
 Revocation/Expulsion/Denial
 Disgorgement/Restitution
 Censure
 Cease and Desist/Injunction
 Bar
 Suspension
B.
Other Sanctions Ordered:
UNDERTAKINGS AS DESCRIBED IN THE ORDER, INCLUDING RETENTION OF AN INDEPENDENT COMPLIANCE CONSULTANT.
Sanction detail: if suspended, enjoined or barred, provide duration including start date and capacities affected (General Securities Principal, Financial
Operations Principal, etc.). If requalification by exam/retraining was a condition of the sanction, provide length of time given to requalify/retrain, type of
exam required and whether condition has been satisfied. If disposition resulted in a fine, penalty, restitution, disgorgement or monetary
compensation, provide total amount, portion levied against you or an advisory affiliate, date paid and if any portion of penalty was waived: 
$10000000
13. Provide a brief summary of details related to the action status and (or) disposition and include relevant terms, conditions and dates (your response must fit
within the space provided).
ON SEPTEMBER 29, 2023, WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY AND WILLIAM BLAIR ENTERED INTO A SETTLEMENT WITH THE U.S. SECURITIES & EXCHANGE
COMMISSION (SEC) IN CONNECTION WITH THE AGENCY'S INDUSTRY-WIDE INVESTIGATION INTO THE PRESERVATION OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS
PURSUANT TO APPLICABLE RECORDKEEPING PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL SECURITIES LAW. THE SETTLEMENT REQUIRES WILLIAM BLAIR AND WILLIAM BLAIR &
COMPANY TO PAY A CIVIL MONETARY PENALTY OF $10,000,000 AND RETAIN A COMPLIANCE CONSULTANT, FOLLOWING THE FORMAT FOR ALL OTHER RECENT
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SETTLEMENTS. WILLIAM BLAIR AND WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY COOPERATED WITH THE GOVERNMENT'S INQUIRY AND HAVE
ALREADY TAKEN SIGNIFICANT STEPS TO FURTHER STRENGTHEN THE FIRM'S COMPLIANCE ENVIRONMENT AS IT RELATES TO ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS.

* Metrics are based on the latest available data, including Form ADV filings, brochures, and relationship summaries pulled from the SEC IAPD, and may be subject to change. Learn what is included in the Rialytix data. Please refer to the firm's official disclosures for the most accurate information using their CRD number. This is not investment advice.